Virulent Strain of E. coli O157:H7 Results in More HUS Cases
As the case numbers for the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to spinach grow, it appears that the strain of E. coli O157:H7 involved in the outbreak is particularly virulent. According to CDC statistics, about 2% to 7% of E. coli infections lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the leading cause of kidney failure in children in the United States. In this outbreak, however, about 17% of E. coli infections have lead to HUS.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a serious disease that affects the kidneys and blood clotting system. It is a rare disease but is more common in children, especially those less than five years of age, than in adults. Most cases of HUS are caused by E. coli O157:H7.
In severe cases of HUS, kidney function is greatly reduced and dialysis (purification of an individual's blood with an artificial kidney) may be necessary to temporarily take over the function of the kidneys. Furthermore, transfusions of blood or blood clotting factors (platelets) may be needed. Most individuals with HUS recover completely and kidney function returns to normal. However, a prolonged hospital stay is often required. The emotional and financial burdens on families can be overwhelming.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is fatal in about 5% of the cases. In the current outbreak linked to spinach, one person has died, a woman from Wisconsin. At lease one other death is being investigated.
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